The drain below the toilet in the crawl space seems to be leaking. How urgent is that?
More urgent than it looks. It's waste water, so what's collecting under the floor is contaminated, and it keeps growing every time the toilet is flushed. Use a different toilet if the house has one on a separate line, and get the leak and the crawl space dealt with together.
There's a sewer-gas smell coming from under the house. What does that mean?
Usually a drain or sewer line leaking or broken somewhere under the floor. It isn't only unpleasant — sewer gas can contain hydrogen sulfide and methane. Air out the rooms above, don't go down with an open flame, and have the line and the crawl space checked.
The sump pump isn't running and water's coming up in the basement. What do I do first?
Keep clear of anything electrical the water is near. Check whether the pump has simply lost power or tripped its breaker — only if you can reach the outlet or panel without standing in water. If it won't restart, the water needs pumping out before it rises further, and the basement will need drying after.
How long does a crawl space take to dry?
Usually several days, sometimes longer. It depends on how much water there was, how long it sat, and what it soaked into. The honest answer comes from moisture readings on the joists and subfloor, not from how it looks — a crawl space can feel dry while the wood is still wet.